To Ideological Critique (BELIEVING) PATRIARCHY
To Sociological Critique (LEARNING/TEACHING) SOCIALIZATION
SOCIOLOGICAL CRITIQUE
- Ideologies are a body of meanings that enable the group holding power to have the maximum control with the minimum of conflict; basis for all other systems!
- Ideologies maintain and control
- Ideologies become "natural", "reality"
Patriarchy and capitalism are systemic structures that enable power holders to control and maintain media making woman.
WHERE DO WE GET PATRIARCHY?
INFORMAL:
- Culture
- Family
FORMAL:
- Education
- Religion
- MEDIA
HOW DO WE GET IT?
SOCIALIZATION
- the general process by which we acquire our views and values from others is known as socialization
The way a culture [ideology] is transmitted
The way an individual [ woman] is fitted [in roles] into an organized [patriarchy] way of life.
AIMS TO TRANSMIT & STRIVES FOR ITS CONTINUITY.
How does Socialization occur?
Participation: by playing roles in groups, organizations by playing roles in groups, organizations
Internalization: group norms become personal standards Group norms become personal standards
Compliance: in hope of gaining benefits in hope of gaining benefits
Identification: See self as part of groups to which belong
If in history the stage was set for the systematic domestication &
oppression of women, socializing factors until today, perpetuate this
patriarchal condition & situation of women.
Socializing Factors
"Gendering"
sex - biological
- male
- female
gender - culture bound
- masculine
- feminine
Socializing Factors IN THE FAMILY
Child rearing
a. Manipulation & handling
- boys-blue crib; girls-pink crib
- b-rough; g-careful
b. Canalization: objects we use which give direction to the kind of attitude / character children have: TOYS
Boys: guns, cars
Girls: dolls, tea sets
Institutions of mass socialization
Mass Media
Women as sex object , dumb-blonde, witch-bitch, weak damsel in distress, senseless woman, homemaker, super model
Barbie & Marlboro Man
Education
- Access - family attitude’s toward women’s education
- Exclusive language:
man > human
he > for abstract pronoun
Mr. & Mrs. Juan dela Cruz
policeman, brotherhood
curses à son of a bitch, bustard
Religion (ALL RELIGIONS)
Greek dualistic view of self:
Soul : higher, logic, holy, spirit, superior- associated with man
Body : lower, emotional, evil, flesh, inferior- associated with woman
Women in the Bible:
- EVE - temptress, seducer, derived from, secondary
- Lilith - first wife of Adam in Jewish literature
- Whore, adultress or not much said
Women in the Church:
- Hierarchy - all-male leadership, law-makers, interpreters
- DO THEY FULLY KNOW WHAT WOMEN THINK/FEEL???
- Tertullian, Augustine, etc.
Auxiliary Roles of Women
secretary to boss
nurse to doctor
model to painter
stewardess to pilot
passenger to driver
homemaker to head of household
lay (nuns are lay!) to priests
30+ = old maid
30+ = bachelor
When a person or victim is not conscientized he/she will also perpetuate their
own oppression! Women end up perpetuating patriarchy! They will rear their children’s children to perpetuate it!
Issues Facing Women
Inequality and discrimination
Triple exploitation of women
- race
- class
- gender
the poor, ethnic woman
Who is she??? --NO BODY!!!!!
Violence Against Women
- rape
- molestation
- incest
- wife battery
Trafficking of women
- prostitution
- mail order bride
- d.h. or domestic helper
- ‘filipina’ = domestic helper in some dictionaries
Some facts about Women
- 60% of the 1billion poor are wome
- Of 960m illiterate- 70% are women
- 1/3 of all women are physically abused
- One woman is raped every 6 minutes
- Women are paid 30-40% less than men for doing the same
- Women do 2/3 of the world’s work but get only 10% of the world’s income, own
1% of the world’s land. - Women’s share of the worlds parliament in 96 was 12% and has not seen much
growth.
The Woman Question
The fact that there is
DISCRIMINTION, SUBORDINATION, EXPLOITATION, OPRESSION
of women as women (in differing degrees) that cut across
CLASS, RACE, CREED, NATIONALITY
It is an Ideological, Systemic, Structural and Global question.
